Business Computers.

Laptops and Netbooks.

hard drive wifi

A network interface card (NIC) is designed to communicate over a computer network. Allows users to connect to each other or with cable or wireless network adapter if the wireless network card (WiFi / WNIC). Each entity in a network, a PC, printer, router, etc., which need to communicate with other devices should have a network card, if it is communicated through the network. On older computers, the card network is probably an expansion card, usually PCI or PCI Express. High performance card can cost under $ 30. IAS functionality is often integrated in the chipset of the motherboard or are applied with a dedicated Ethernet chip on the motherboard.

A similar situation occurs with laptops. At one point, a PCMCIA network card is used in a laptop to the PCI NIC that has been used in the computer, but now the feature of IAS are often integrated into the motherboard.

Ethernet is the dominant standard for connecting cables for computer networks with cable connection. An Ethernet connector is similar to a phone jack, but bigger. This connector called "RJ45". Ethernet cables have a shield or a cable unshielded four twisted pairs of 24 AWG connectors specified in impedance 100 ohms. Maximum cable for CATx cable is 100 meters.

The first versions of Ethernet cables, CAT3 or CAT4 (CAT is short for category). These versions are not long term. CAT5 and CAT5e cables currently most commonly used (bandwidth of 100 MHz, 100 Mb / s) with CAT6 (bandwidth of 250 MHz, 1 Gb / s) and available configuration near future. Cat7 cable (bandwidth 600 MHz specification) is under development and should be available in some years.

Every Ethernet NIC has a serial number of a unique code called "media access (MAC) used to identify the card network and associated network equipment. There are two network cards have the same meaning, because the network card manufacturers must buy blocks of addresses Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

NICs are capable of different speeds. Speeds of up to one gigabit per second (Gbps) are now available. Two network cards can communicate if they are different speed limits, but will be communicated to the lowest rate of IAS.

In a very simple network, the network adapter can be used to connect personal computers (PCs). If computers are connected directly Overall, the network is a peer-to-peer (P2P, also called "ad hoc") on the network. If the computers are connected directly together, a "crossover" Ethernet cable is needed (also called null modem cable). This cable is not "straight" as the Ethernet standard, but through sending and receiving slots to send the line connects a computer to receive the online computer B.

For networks of some teams, "center" can be used with all computers connected to the hub. Any messages sent from any any PC will be seen by all computers, but only the team with the correct MAC address will receive the message. P2P networks are useful for many purposes. Sharing files and printers are the most common applications.

Network of more than four computers active benefit both using a switch "network" instead of a hub. A network switch directing the message to the appropriate destination, rather than every packet message is transmitted over the network. Computer A can send a message to computer B, while at the same time, computer C computer sends a message to D. This increases network efficiency. It is a simple form of a network of servers. An example of a client-server design is a computer server that allows clients to initiate a download or upload files and the server responds. The server is also that of being responsible for interacting with printers and other servers on other networks, including networks of satellite (SATCOM) or Internet.

"Latency" is the delay caused by a communication network data. Latency causes not only the slow service, but may lose data as well. Latency is usually tested by sending a message packet that is returned immediately to the source computer. The round-trip time is defined as the latency.

Network performance can be optimized for either latency or throughput. Networks can use a technique known as "stop moderation "to increase performance and lower CPU utilization for message queue packet and broadcast interrupts the CPU less. A network could be optimized in this way for large transfers, thereby reducing transfer overhead. Enjoy the CPU and network performance, but the network latency increases. The alternative is the fragmentation of each message, and fragments of lines through the network. Several paths source to destination in May Allow overlap. Latency can also be treated by techniques such as obtaining previa (predicting the need for data requests) and / or the use of multiple threads of execution (multithreading).

There are two LEDs on a typical NIC. One Green LED lit indicates that the computer is connected to the network. This is known as the "link" light. The second LED is orange. An Orange light flashing indicates packet collisions occur messages. Occasional collisions are normal in a large network, but often an Amber LED lights is an indication of problems. A quick link blinking LED (green) is an indicator of network activity, which means that communication is ongoing. If connecting the green light is off, and the LED flashes amber, then the card is "energy saving" mode.

A controller wireless network interface (WNIC) is a map network to connect to a wireless network (WLAN). The Wi-Fi standard IEEE 802.11. A WNIC uses an antenna to communicate with an RF signal, usually at 2.4 GHz and wireless connectivity in development in recent years is closely parallel cable connectivity. Like his cousin with cable, wireless card was once integrated into a PCI or PCMCIA add-on card. Now integrated WNIC are increasingly common, especially for laptops.

About the Author: Brian Bradshaw is a Certified Technical Specialist (InfoComm CTS) and CompTIA A+ Computer Technologist. Areas of expertise include Video, Audio, Computer Networks, WiFi, HDTV, Satellite Systems, and Communications. He has a communications technology business that serves the Southwestern United States with offices in Plano, Texas (Dallas) and an office in Peoria, Arizona (Phoenix), managed by his brother, Keller Bradshaw.

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Is there a WiFi device that can connect to my external hard drives, allowing conn laptop with WiFi?

As can be connected to form wireless my hard drive from anywhere in the house. I know they can now get hard drives with built in wifi, but do not want the cost to renew my records because they are very good. Is there a type of device can I connect my USB hard drive?

Yes USB is called WiFi. PC World sales one of about 30 pounds, but the link is to a vendor who sells a Tenner. Make sure you enable security during use.

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